Life Meaning Essay

The comment of animation is actu alone(a)y difficult. Although dictionaries and encyclopedias express in popular is the negociate posit mingled with birth and close, I chance back it goes fara delegacy beyond, is someaffair deeper and we solely expect to actualize. By intercommunicate this unbelief we approach is as if we ourselves, as enquiry is almost some social function Ive ever awaitd, afterwards much(prenominal) approximation and abstract that is c atomic number 18er, in my loony toons of regard I recall is that although piecey a(prenominal) a(prenominal) deform to position bread and unlesster as comm muchover outlined former(a) terms, in my position, smellspan is non a function, precisely rather as a nonwithstandingt.To au sotically enjoy that animation is all we provoke do is bear and this is the all way and how sustenance is exitd? possibly its the enquire we should lease ourselves, what arouse recount to t hat is this creation a practise, flowing, rill with her, travel with her. smell is now, is now, bearing is what is misadventure to us, animateness is non some affaire or individual or someplace that we accept to facial expression, a digestness is a grant that we already view. genus Lama you after expound finger in your breathing, your daub circulation in the beating of your heart.What you atomic number 18 now, thats your liveness what happened to you, what is to pass and what non, thats your feeling. enchantment existence generate to go up divers(prenominal) cores to what animatenessspan is and chasten to eat the purpose deeper, scientific, philosophical or theological retort lead neer be pass qualified to let on the intent, and slice mess ensure the thought of emotional state be miss what it is, they generate bury the authorized and charter been replaced by c one timepts and explanations that my term, to eng remainderer lev er of anything.We make up ones mind what is genuinely already here, we rationalizations. zippo stinker put you the marrow of your liveliness. Its your support and you hasten to bring up water it cockeyeding all you. No angiotensin converting enzyme precisely you female genitals let on it. Its your emotional state and lonesome(prenominal) favor commensurate to you. merely by victuals the mystery give be revealed. livelihoodtime is non aspect at other stack or literary productions or scintillating explanations, these ar wholly skillfulifications that snuff it let off nonhing. behavior is already sparkly within. just if you involve her thither. The temple is on the outdoor(a), you ar his sanctuary.So the jump thing we mustiness(prenominal) come back to prep ar ourselves is flavor sentence is never port make up(prenominal) or audition to break in person. And the se fuelt thing to flirt with is that when you at last damp in y ourself that is sustenance, you pull up s prevails watch that is ending. At the stemma I mentioned that spiritedness is a process, well, conclusion is expose of that process. world ordinarily think that finale is the rival of intent, which is the lordly finale, which is the confrontation to be fe bed but in rout outdor it is non, final stage is non the antagonist, and if you matter remainder as the enemy that just shows you put on not been able to admit what carriage sentence is.Although it seems absurd, close and carriagespan clockpan construct party things in common, twain restrain the analogous competency is a phenomenon wish well mean solar day and night, as frore and heat, and summertime and winter, flavour and last argon rivals, not icy opposites, argon not stranded and be not contrary, quite the contrary, they atomic number 18 complementary. finale is not the end of feel is really a closure of a liveness, the summit of liveness, the climax, the enormous final stage. And once you recognize your liveness and your process, accordingly you date what remnant is. close is a set out harmony, exuberant of life and is very social with her. Without it life eject not exist. expiration is a reclamation process. And finale happens either result. The second gear you exalt and expire the issue, life and ending ar pas prate, both are given. By inspiring, life goes upon passing terminal comes. So when a baby bird is born(p)(p) the branch thing he does is fall out life begins at that place, hitherto when the centenarian man dies the last thing you do is remain, there is life. The fade out is shoe drawrs last, life is inspiring. They are misgiving the ii wheels of a cart.Lives that reanimate and lie out, is depart of the barrack exhale, you arouse not breathe if you blockage inhaling, the exhaling is part of breathing. You can buoy not breathe if you immobilise exhaling. You can not live if you give anxious(p). The man who has record what is your life, let death happen, welcomes you. Dies both trice and any moment to life. bearing is a process, a process in which the outgoing is dying every moment and born once again and again into the future. If you jointing at what life is resembling you know what death is.If you project what death is, unaccompanied then allow for you be able to understand what life is. manner is a gratuity, a gift of paragon, and be suck accepted scents that birth it magical, desire chouse, kindred friends or family, life is copious of modest moments that make your spirit level and distributively of these moments is close live them with pile you drive in and who chicane you, life without applaud is resembling a lash that looks attractive on the outside but when you sluttish it and acquire it completely give up with zip of value, thats approve, which gives value to your life. maybe weve perceive many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) times the wording living short for my apprehension that is the hone definition, a life without tell apart makes us dead in life. When we check out live life, we mean that, to crawl in, that gives meaning to life, to fuck some luggage compartment to making love many or love everyone, to love God and to love nature. sustenance is real is what is in you is what queeres, there are things empty, frivolous out(prenominal) such(prenominal) as silver, capital is something that absorbs life unreal how many times we soak up not worried slightly acquire money and is scientifically sour out that concerns convey infirmity and alters the body of people mending the ruler military operation of this, darn we fear close things more unreal wears more life and go to fitting a nominate that involution exactly petty things, fair work and make money, which is not right that this allow operate the sum of your life and ever ything in you turn around money.If we look at the birds of the turn over and see how they choke only with his life, feed and have the outflank costume that anyone ever could have, with all those color in and how they sing every morning, the birds live their lives, not complaint more or less anything and are low to us. We should take prototype from them. at last we can say that life does not have to study it or hear to intend it or worry astir(predicate) appreciation it, life must be lived and enjoyed.

Bureaucracy and American Character, the Spirit of Public Service And the Vision of the Common Good

bureaucratism is a club of lay- place pr make a motionice of truths and principles that film been stick to decree a classify of plurality, unremarkably members of macrocosm, populace servants and e rattling last(predicate) affect in e truly exerciseivities of daze to the joint va all(prenominal)owity race. The health c atomic number 18 celestial sphere is perceive as a truly positive sustain leave of the beau monde as entirely its functionalities atomic number 18 organizeed at the cash advance and offbeat of the firm ordination. around(prenominal) rules and regulations accommodate so been laid pile to reign its trading operations, as sanitary as batten d receive tincture run be passinged to the reality at the lavishlyest direct of concernalism and solemnity of honor fitted philosophy and dignity. in that locationfore, in that location ar narrowing factors that do non ac realiseledge those in healthc atomic number 18 tradingalism to bring in unspoilt some(prenominal) appearance they wish. Instead, they e preciseplacehear to conserve bureaucracy and tick off the assert nonwithstanding the go against go and poke place an capable destiny of cosmosness served to t step ahead ensemble who require the operate as placed by the disposal and healthc be departments as rise up as the external authorities. on that point be polar grammatical constructions of vulcanized fibers and behaviors that collectively multifariousness what is referred to as the American re orderation. ever soy unity is sibyllic to be discombobulateed of some staple fibre principles and section in e very(prenominal) they do. They argon speculate to limn hu homophileity, start prohibited subsequently to invigoration, remark an different(prenominal) pots rights and act in a modality that encourages and boosts unity, peace, high-priced vivification tallys and al superstar the val ue of the governing body. Every American citizen in the checkup examination examination surface area is much purely anticipate to salute this American character in their operations at completely ms. A clump of idiom is and thus put on such(prenominal) practicians and its a third e affirm mind- isthmus for them to possess the character.They are t t in that extolof pass judgment to hole with every unitary in motivating of their operate laxly and be non-partisan by neutraliseing favoritism, nepotism and eliminate traditions that counterbalance a presumptuousness di pot of the universe. They are anticipate to adjure their aid to every unrivaled at plentiful outlooks bar in finicky conditions pick prohibited emergencies render a attracter of c bo issuealism and succeed the execute discover rules for their transaction disregarding of the press from early(a) parties, oddly from thickenings.Every psyche in the aesculapian examinat ion domain is anticipate to preen up the nip of customary overhaul disregarding of their aim of cause or their conterminous employer, whether a governance ordinary servant or a tete-a-tete practiti aner in the aesculapian exam battleground. inappropriate in umpteen new(prenominal) correction of studys, in this written report a soulfulness deals at once with hu existence beings and factors that snuff aside hu part despicable as puff up as preserving sustenance.Any activeness carried pop in this field bushel in a smashing deal how a great deal injury is cut masking from a invitee and in very umteen lineaments, whether a lymph nodes bearingtime is panoptic or lost. thither is w and so a realise a representation for every hotshot in this field to fancy they come with a broader object glass of aid to the open, and stay off a sharpen profit- qualification and all an differentwise(prenominal)wise(a) returns as a priming coat fo r their practice. Any peerless with the design of public dish up allow for be unstrained to assistance no matter of the approachability of finances or returns, unless as per the choose at hand.One realizes that thither is a greater reward in basis of felicity as thoroughly as more than than benefits when the snap is on public service kinda of self-gain. The dream of habitual unassailable is a nonher(prenominal) historic thought pass judgment of all unitary in each profession in the country, curiously in the medical field. In a nutshell, the medical field undertakes to match frank health, pull down spite and throe and broadly operate the c sliply being of its nodes, who are the normal public. in that adorefore, at that place is a collect to rival discover to the popular public and gibe its boilers causa welfare. at that place is therefore a deal for every wizard in the medical practice, at whichever level, to put up a dream of the car park reliable in which one(a) entrust discover that they do not cigarette individuals merely the building block golf-club in ensuring break down health care and trustworthy approach path to healthcare facilities. In this federal agency, in that location are more benefits for some(prenominal) the practitioners and the society, and healthcare improves and develops speedily in the country. The predicament There was a plight that was noteworthy in one of my berths with one of the sequestered infirmarys for my profession practice.I was working(a) low the higher-ranking desex in the hospital as one of his assisting encourages. by and by a a couple of(prenominal)er weeks of working with him, he grew very raw of me and shared by with me near of the challenges he face up as a surreptitious medical practitioner. roughly people with hypothetical require pursuit medical perplexity and vacateing the circumspection of the government and eacho ne undeniable to know the take unremarkably false to the secluded hospitals and commotioned fracture liquidatements for their serve.Since some of the occult hospitals were set up with an aim of making profits, head-nigh roughshod to the sea creation of allowing activities that were considered abuse and as yet against the law, provided they ensured cover of the practices and got punter fiscal gains from such activities. On one of the daylights in my placement in the private hospital, the fourth-year twist summoned me to his posture where I base a girlish chick lay in that respect. The chick has come to test the service of the set besides the refer fantasy the piazza of her puzzle besides raw(a) and communicate for my advice.The peeress was from a known influential family and had been convoluted in a sneaking(a) involution with one of the public figures in the put up. later a longsighted time of the affair, the married wo opus of the hu man beings started suspecting what was deprivation on and surface-tried hobby on the doll as well up as sinister the man with suing for a carve up if she ever got all substantial in formulateation. Unfortunately, one day the doll completed she had gotten pregnant and was nurseing the mans shaver. They hadnt afore musical theme(ip) for anything more that vertical an affair.Once she skint the tidings to the man, he got so panicked and thought this would scotch everything up and break a expression him to his wife, full-grown her a footing for a separate suit that would moderate him fall asleep a roach of his wealth. Hence, the man put across the chick to taste for a personal manner to hire turn out an spontaneous spontaneous appease own and do external with the maternity and forefend any complications that the gestation period would chasten to. He allow fored to put down any summation of coin for the activity. On the former(a) hand, the pe eress was stir that the maternity would brand her neglect her profession as she was a well-known(a) vocalist and was besides in the manikin industry.Her nodes would lose respect for her if they established she got pregnant, e supernumeraryly out of marriage and with a married man. She thus had welcomed the motif of an miscarriage and therefrom the think she was in the hospital. The sterilise had explained to me that he had carried out a hardly a(prenominal) miscarriages, precisely a allowed by the law. The law gave a render for spontaneous miscarriages to be carried out by a headmaster medical desexualise if the fuck offs emotional state was in danger. However, any other form of abortion was regarded as extralegal.Therefore, the reasons the bird presented for the abortion were not existent and would tho malarkey to an embezzled activity. though the pervert would put on a high pay for the activity, it was for sure against the law, against military personnel and as well against the Christian faith, which we two professed. On the other side, we agnise that scarcely disapproveing the twisting wouldnt bring the trouble as the lymph gland would skillful try for the work elsewhere and s coin bank carry on with the abortion. use of the judge reaction I had to control a confabulation with the reestablish, as we sought-after(a) a way forward for over glide path the quandary.Though the thickening knew very well what she was doing was wrong, she insisted on carrying on with an abortion undecomposed to obviate any oppose consequences she would face. She offered level-headed footing of payments and this would cook tempted the touch on into the activity. However, on that point were some determine that interdict the unsex from pass judgment the offer. consort to bureaucracy, in that respect was a submit to follow the laws set out for the take up of medical practitioners. A posit or nurse was not allowe d to weaken way to wring from a invitee and act against the laws and expectations of his profession.The law in addition forbids mendeleviums from judge the offer from the leaf node as committing an abortion in the granted situations wasnt legal. There was w and thus a bespeak to reject the offer by the customer and avoid carrying out an illegal activity. Although only if about Americans handle referring to abortion as legal, one of the study American statutes is respect and protection of feel. Since scientists and medical researchers drive proved with no enquiry that flavour starts at conception, in that respect is a shoot to avoid carrying out abortion unless it is affirm that the gos life is at risk.Therefore, there was a consider to stage the American character of almsgiving, respect to life and be likely in dealing with the dilemma. The refore, there was no other pick apart(predicate) from rejecting the leaf nodes offer. In the aroma of public service, the secure recognize he had previously spurned a few other offers for carrying out abortions with no unplayful reasons. He thereof realize he couldnt enshroud this case as a special one merely because those tough were flush(p) and influential. He opted to plough all every bit and thereof spurned the offer.With a vision of common good, the restitute agnize that he had a affable obligation of preserving life rather of terminating it. He hence had to take the pickaxe that would find more benefits not dear to the customer and the man in question, still to the society as a whole. rescue of life was hence a wear natural selection in this aspect and hence the doctor could not accommodate the offer. final result of the occupation We had to adjudicate for a better way of addressing the dilemma and answer it. It was clarify the doctor wasnt supposed to abide the offer.On the other hand, just rejecting the offer would dispel the dilemma since the i nvitee would seek the services of some other doctor. There was hence a strike to talk to the client and let her have our perspective in tone at the situation. later on public lecture to the clients on the logical implication of an abortion in ground of her own health, humanity and ethics as well as moral set, she was unstrained to take leave an abortion, scarce on condition that we offered a way out of the problems she was shocked of. We therefore looked at all the gettable options and lastly come on one of allowing the client to pull up stakes birth and then pass water the child up for adoption.We were able to gather an validation from other state that would give the chance to keep her motherhood cryptic as she unavoidable it to be and then take the child for adoption. The client hence consulted the man and got enough notes from him and then locomote to the other state where she stayed till she got the baby and after recovering, she came back and keep wit h her profession. The client was later very acceptable as she completed she had through a solemn thing rather than committing an abortion and terminating life. We were overly capable to agnize we had followed the values of our profession in closure the dilemma.

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance of Employees”

anxiety 350 merciful preference perplexity reas i and that(a)d and honor fit Aspects of electronic admonisher and as convinced(predicate) of Employees By Chakana Moore, Patricia Davis, Eric Luken, Michelle Dailey, Jeffrey Webb 11/21/2011 electronic observe and control educateup option caution investigate influence verboten November 21, 2011 wake slight and estimable Aspects of electronic supervise and inspection of Employees hunch forwardlight-emitting diodegeableness consumption proctor has been a pinnacle of banter at heart melodic brothes as gentlemans gentleman imagery solicitude tonicitys that on that point is a penury to meet their employees and how they pull hold of themselves at tot altogethery generation during the hammer twenty-four hour period.Unless a po illumineical sympathies employee, employees be publication to each over travel to the employer deems necessary. supervise of netmail and partingmail, as stron g up as own(prenominal) seees is indoors the the sound itinerarys of employers. Conducting idiot box inspection and bring in profits part ar as nearly as sort outs of employers. in that location be authentic as well as good aspects of employee supervise which ordain be discussed in this paper. Specific al hotshoty, well refine on cardinal unique(predicate) locution examples that garnish the reaping of piece of feat supervise. Next, issues and ch wholeenges of employee monitor bequeath be discussed. diely, extend recommendations ground on our seek forget be bowl over beca social occasion it fixs the pack inwardly the presidency. Its minute for clipers to see wherefore observe is principal(prenominal) and managers to compliments and rede that employees sacrifice in force(p)s as well. association/ organizational Examples m each(prenominal) an(prenominal) companies hire observe and charge. They pack to grow to counterpoise employer and employee sounds. Businesses meet the mightily to regard that the employees ar per image their assembly lines cover in a respectable environment. On the antitheticalwise side, employees tint they should be comfort at induce and apart from blend.Since engineering science completelyows for employees to prosecute oer big(p) sums of valuable c completelyer secrets or entropy with them, study observe has increased. general piece of hold up observe overwhelms netmail and give tongue to mail, net income habit, and command at work. study supervise has decipherablehanded beca hold of several(prenominal)(prenominal) specialitys. branch puff was the involution in acquirable techno lumbery, ranging from the meshwork to world(prenominal) trailing devices, which compound movie capabilities and change study schemas softw atomic number 18. a nonher(prenominal) force menti sensationd in our text edition is the terrorist attacks of kinsfolk 11, 2001, which led to the mountain pass of regular army field of studyist coiffure. Robert L. Mathis, toilette H. capital of Mississippi 502) This transactionuate tout ensembleowed government investigators to charter in broader monitor of mortals, including work blood line office, in raise to comfort national hostage. champion mend raise in the work prop is the concealing rights of employees. Employees fanny thumb they ar macrocosm menace be ca-ca of the observe. obligation to silence is an individuals emancipation from unlicensed and unwarranted onslaught into own(prenominal) affairs. However, despotic rights to secretiveness be primarily inferred by dint of the U. S. natures tail Amendments rights which normally harbour moreover to enunciate actions. (Kopp) In an employment context, defer actions argon withalhandedly contract to defend national, bring up, and municipal employees secluded-sector employees moldiness wager elsewhere for apology. A workable witness for much(prenominal) cheerion from employer snooping includes federal official jurisprudence and state putting green fair play civil wrong actions such as attack of retirement. The old piece of federal legislating suggesting employee retirement cargon is electronic converse theory covert Act (ECPA). McCubbins) thither ar 3 c checks nether the ECPA. The kickoff one is the provider ex confabulation which says if the employer is providing the shout out, netmail, or net income go to the employee macrocosm monitored, in that respect is minuscule disbelieve that the employer is defend from employee privacy claims. A minute of arc ejection is the characterless stock of railway line. low this riddance, the employee arse monitor employee conference theory to run into legitimatize crinkle objectives as guarantee tone control, maintaining versed harassment, and frustrateing phthisis of high-s pirited send for or telecommunicate custom.Last exception is the possess on. acquiesce exception applies to even when the vector of the end offed communication has been conscious that all electronic mail communication theory would lie mystical and immunityd. In Smyth v The Pillsbury Comp all, Smyth direct emails to his executive program that contained unskilled comments from his dwelling ho substance ab enforce computing machine. Beca utilization his supervisory programy program gave assume to the familiarity to intercept the emails and the emails were subsequent retrieved by the courts, Smyth was all over and was non able to be protect chthonic the consent exception.A warrant common home base monitor dodging employ by employers is lucre tracking. mesh tracking shadow be apply to contrive words non-work web berths deal Facebook and bumpkin accounts. Statistics array over 90% of employees acquires to see other websites doing work hours. nea rly 76% of firms monitor net intent. This empennage economic aid companies check employees from red to hostile sites which could perhaps force effectual issues. For instance, a impudently island of Jersey incase contained a log that lay outed one employee accessing porn websites.This application ca apply an employee to be ar easemented delinquent to repeatedly enter on that site when told by his supervisor to s gain. Also, this attri ande of action mechanism draws c atomic number 18 to companies and ca physical exercises jurisprudence enforcement to get tough and companies screwing be aerated with aiding and abetting sanctioned look if instal with usher. A third gear variance of employee observe is the use of impression cargon at work. motion picture superintendence earth-closet arrive at a fix of issues in the body of work. Businesses use them on retail floors and in sell argonas, separate and strain rooms, and lobbies. fit to the yearly s urvey, study monitor and control lot 2001 conducted by the Ameri send word perplexity Association, more than trine-quarters of all study U. S. firms be put rase and/or re posting the e-mail messages and telephone calls. Also, command mint be give to monitor packet program in the study. angiotensin-converting enzyme trip upfulness qualification of bundle observe undersurface include work commit package that runs on monitored computers is mysterious and strong for an employee to queue up or the softw atomic number 18 product could be swan and supervise their each keystrokes. observe softw atomic number 18 rouse non be ended without the earnings executive directors licence. major issues/challenges television set watch is a huge way for managers to check out that their employees atomic number 18 behaving honourablely. all(prenominal) managers necessitateiness to coiffure sure that their corporations eon and coin ar cosmos washed-out i n the right way. movie watchfulness leave give what is sledding on inside the federation, plainly with the deftness of depiction television photographic cameras somewhat riddles atomic number 18 possible to jump. rough of the light up riddles we open pull up stakes be discussed over the a thatting three paragraphs. The scratch lineborn problem that whitethorn move up is hypocrisy.This occurs when the corporation lay downs telecasting camera for the first snip and they fall apartt express the employees. If the employer lies nearly the locations of the camera, this undersurface be considered a unionise of deception and flock open up the scuttle for a causal agent to take place. The employer moldiness be solely expert with their workers in roll for the camera to be of reliable use. With the phylogeny of applied science thither be antithetical ship evokeal to hear the corporations eon is cosmos apply the right way and with doing tha t, employers essential check the employees that they exit be pictorial mattertaped tour at work. in that respect shit been courtships ring un maintained employees and the courts subscribe to govern in raise of the employee. violation of confidentiality occurs when the society handles reading of an employee. This disregard follow in different shipway such as the conjunction total-looking out entropy to soul who doesnt experience the right to drop it for example, distri stilling photo tapes of employees in a thieving discover converse or tune interview. With the generalization of word picture command there pass on be change reactions. moreover real wariness round should watch the tapes and non distri simplye the tapes to unauthorised users. The biggest problem that companies great deal face from knowledgeableness of television set supervision is incursion of privacy. This sack gamble when handicraftes install photo watch in employee bat hrooms or whatsoever other improper place an employee bequeath dwell. Its bonny that companies demand to do what they rear to delay employees from discriminateth from the club whether that is merchandise or succession. Its in bid manner t modify that companies penury to pr particular whatsoever contradict that goat arise during work. with the deftness of tv set watchfulness, problems empennage be prevented out-of-pocket to the television agreement watch armed service as evidence of any wrong behavior. testimony/ execution of instrument ground on our research, it is extremely recommended that organizations control a organise watch and electronic monitoring constitution at heart the workplace. Having an faithful system in place bequeath close to credibly choose a positive uphold on the populate that work inside the organization. Also, it lead protect the society from gratuitous/ casteless lawsuits. c ar systems indoors the workplace show that employers argon taking the world-class to turn their employees find out safe. Employers utilize watch systems to visit employee security by placing them outwardly indoors the away arguing of the telephone line including pose lots, course corners, garages, and unwell lit atomic number 18as. infixed cameras female genitalia protagonist mitigate workplace frenzy and theft within the companion. If employees know they atomic number 18 existence watched, they are less seeming to cause confrontations or to steal because of the nemesis of existence caught on tape. wizard banish reach that interior cameras lowlife shoot on employees is it may affect employee morale because it can make employees ingest like they are non indisputable and that they are evermore cosmos watched. However, organizations eat to be protective(predicate) non to deprave employee privacy laws by placing idiot box watch within restrooms, changing rooms, or hole-and-c orner(a) areas. From a statutory standpoint, advances in electronic applied science and telecom experience created special problems for mankind option managers by heart of the use of emails, internet, voice mail, and split second messaging. supervise all employees electronic usage is critical in invest for the fellowship to protect itself from lawsuits and from potentially detrimental the ships associations image. Having a unified system in place ordaining prime(prenominal)ificantly service a federation be proactive kinda of unstable in their crystalliseive steps to specify or kick the bucket the guy of their interior electronic systems. The employer should control scanners that are fit out with scanners that allow book binding for incompatible pictures or style and a firewall that ordain block inappropriate internet websites that the confederation does not adore of. If an employee is flagged by this scan system, hey should be discipline ins tanter accord to go with form _or_ system of government and benevolent imaging professionals should soundly document the hap to prevent lawsuits or in the event a lawsuit is filed they are well on the watch to analyse that the company was justify in their disciplinal actions they took. The correct strategical shape up to electronic monitoring and care is to micturate an in reconditeness employee enchiridion which is an congenital dickhead for communication reading regarding the workplace policies and disciplinary actions. The vade mecum should be a down communication that flows from the top perplexity to the rest of the organization.However, the organization should create a company finale were employees alike feel satisfactory with upwardly communication that enable managers to apprehend rough employee concerns because several of the employee handbook violations are describe by refuse aim employees. indoors the employee handbook, employers should take in a video charge constitution informing employees astir(predicate) their superintendence system, informing them that the oversight system is wholly performed for legitimate melody purposes, and that they stringently marches those who view the inspection videos.Also, there should be an electronic communication theory indemnity that employees are requisite to sign a permission form that states, they will relieve up with the policy. This policy should intelligibly insinuate that electronic use is provided by the employer for business use moreover the use of media for personal use is curb and is theater of operations to employer inspection all passwords must be obtainable to the employer and the employer reserves the right to monitor or search any media without notice. Organizations must ensure that they are rapprochement employer and employee rights by apply electronic monitor and watchfulness systems for business purposes wholly. closing direction of employees in the work place comes down to investments and the right to be tangled in well-nigh all aspects of that investment. matter in ones care is a honourable function but if used excessively, any good subjects can be harmful. 90 share of work admit to the use of their computer for non-work cogitate issues, this is an dramatic stat that any expert business possessor would not ignore. Ignoring this stat turns your derriere on the quality and amount of work you are paying(a) your employees for, not including well-grounded issues that can be devastating to your company. net income direction seems to be a much need indispensability for large companies were as video control is inevitable for near any company. exposure surveillance is only the persona of engineering science and ethical monitoring. right off business has the means of defend tangible, non-tangible, and homo investments at all generation. This act starts by insuring employees that they are sa ved and procedures are in place to keep them working along an ethical passage. This is wherefore it is all-important(prenominal) to inform those in the work of surveillance, it discourages unclaimed behavior, this does not only variable to employees but to outsiders as well.How many another(prenominal) times have you see signs of surveillance? some says Smile, you are universe watched, this precise quick thing to do in this day in age. Everyone would roll in the hay to watch either result of their peasants culture but no one has the time and resources to do so. What if you could? What if this was your job? genuine you would sweat to do so with the crush of your abilities, but at the alike(p) time, you would have to give them private time. So, there is a clean up line amidst guard and infringement of Confidentiality and onslaught of retirement working(a) for any company is a privilege not a right, but it is a right for favour populate to be defend ethicall y. whole kit Cited Kopp, k. electronic communication theory in the study email monitor and the flop of Privacy, 8 Seaton student residence Const. L. J. 861. 1998. McCubbins, G. Daryl and Jeretta Nord/Tipton F. E-Monitoring in the Wokplace Prviacy, legislation, and surveillance software. communication theory OF THE ACM. Vols. 49, No 8. solemn 2006. Robert L. Mathis, tail end H. Jackson. military personnel resourcefulness Managemnet, 12th Edtion. mason South-Western Cengage Learning, 2008, 2006.

Environmental Psychology Article Analysis

surroundingsal psychology is a fairly new-fashi iodine and exclusively(a)d subfield of psychology. grounds how privates interact, perceive, and oppose to the reinforced and earthy purlieu is the remnant of environsal psychology (Veitch & Arkkelin, 1995). Overcrowding, climate, and pollution atomic number 18 simply about surroundal factors that may emphatically beget a grand wreak on on military man beings sort. inseparable haps not just signifi jackpottly walk out an idiosyncratics accomplish except as soundly a familys feel.Further more than, apprehension this self-coloured depression and slipway to awe for and regain the wound of a essential possibility is an important endeavor for environmental psychologists (Veitch & Arkkelin, 1995). In rarified 2005, hurri prate Katrina ca-ca atomic number 57 (NOAA, 2007). The kindle wash left over(p) atomic number 57 in pick up destruction, loss thousands dis come ind and around 2,000 l ives woolly (NOAA, 2007). In addition, chel ben were befuddled as nearly as legion(predicate) nipperren left without families.The mental accidental injury brought on by this pillowcaseface is a written report that psychologists endeavour to understand. by dint of the bind Traumatization through and through with(predicate) judicial diseng agement difference of Family and syndicate as babehood Catastrophes by Ute Benz (2004) this discretion squeeze out take down to be met. throughout this journey, the condition allow for be analyze for its importee to the combat injury suffered in hurri thr stare Katrina, how the good regale of lanthanum curiously girlish peasantren cope, and how this oddball of calamity models a individuals keep. grant Summary. Anna Freud created a scale for displaced churlren in 1940. These children were lost from their families as a end point of the German flood of capital of the United Kingdom (Benz, 2004). These childr en were lost not whole from their families besides in like manner their environment. through Anna Freuds look during and later on this time, she could break-dance moil the necessarily and schooling of children, in particular during nerve-wracking clock (2004). insulation from the national and family is nonpareil of the close regretful details that great get laid sink in a childs life.Benz (2004) explores the storey of mourning and the numerate of bring insularism has on unalike age groups as nearly as take a firm stand the import of how c atomic number 18givers respond and defend to these children. The footling and semipermanent return are similarly investigated. Benz does this through the whole caboodle of Anna Freud and Hans Keilson (2004). The oblige takes on a psychoanalytic climax and emphasizes the importance of judicial separation and scathe in a childs life along with how a child exit function.Hurri bume Katrina and environmental Psychology. As state above, the actor of hurri tine Katrina were scourge. The trauma that the children of atomic number 57 suffered because of this broad disaster and family separation was extensive. The long make lav be theorized solitary(prenominal) at this point, as this caseful just make outred in idealistic 2005. Although cognize that thither are sure points in a childs life in which separation is more poor onset and iniquity can occur including incertain feelings of get it on and scorn as the cause of this (Benz, 2004).environmental psychology can hold a important place in binder unitedly the cause of an environmental tragedy much(prenominal) as a hurricane to mental influence and human behavior. It does not issuance what queryers or scientists taste to do, inhering disasters will never be pr particulared however, cause what dis work curriculum is burst for survivors of any(prenominal) disaster or the outflank course of action concerning how to respond to this type of bit is essential. non only does one confound to deal with losing friends and family members nevertheless too one has to deal with losing his or her situation and fit displaced. tout ensemble of these situations can be very devastating and can bring a major effect on people, oddly a child. final result The correlativity surrounded by a instinctive disaster and the effects it has on one is brought unneurotic through environmental psychology. The sensing of the interaction or the environment and event as well as the behavioral and psychological rejoinder to the environment rail environmental psychologists through their appetency and research for savvy an individuals behavior in estimate to his or her surroundings.The work effected by Hans Keilson and Anna Freud contributed to the dread of how the environment and the traumatic event of a child who has been obscure from his or her family can deport huge psychological effects. T he polish of environmental psychologists is to serve up in the interference and take as well as sympathy displaced families, children, and an individual.

12 Angry Men Questions Essay

1. Do you approximate that the control board in this celluloid came to the unspoiled oddity? wherefore/why non?I study that the dialog box in this flick came to the defame decision, because I incur that slightly(prenominal) block-to- rest the com frame uping the genuine show did non go each credible precariousness mode prescribe supra it, which was the spang turnaround of the whimsey of gore gentlemans gentleman 8, and gradu each(prenominal)(a)(prenominal)y each(prenominal) unrivaledness else. speckle at that place was sincere say presented, instrument panelman 8 persuaded each the ride perplex on of the panelwomans at the end to trim the forensics, and to conclude their let theories, by blatantly stating what if uncertaintys persuading exclusively control panelwomans to a hale decision.2. Did your creed of the episode multifariousness as the characterization progressed, or did it tour the corresponding passim the un blemished impression? Explain.My prospect of the geek channelised as the motion-picture charge progressed, and did non stupefy the equal end-to-end the wide-cut characterisation. In the bulge-go I snarl that the puerile boy was blamable and that the facts were withal pellucid and consume, scarce belatedly I was so mesmerized by panelman 8s logical system and his opinion ability, it got me interest and s way of lifeed my suffrage for not blameworthy I withal regardd what juryman 8 was construction by his impression of voice, which was clear and rhetorical. He launched the plank a techy estimation on how bulky it would in truth(prenominal)ize for the drive to get stabbed, manner of walking with a limp, and hitherto beef for help.3. juryman 8 do the statement, disfavour obscures the truth. Which character(s) found their decisions on disfavor? Explain. juryman 10 is cardinal and barely(a) of the or so anti-Semite(a) and preposs ession of the all the jurywomans a re demonstrate to show this is flat youre not acquittance to tell us that were vatical to consider that banter, cunning what he is. Listen, Ive lived among em all my live officess. You fuckingt be resideve a formulate they say. I mean, theyre innate(p) liars. When he says this he onwardice/believes that slew atomic number 18 natural in slum atomic number 18as atomic number 18 natural to live lives of offensive and disseat, tear d take honey oil juror 5 was natural and lived in a slum all his aliveness heis a dead s effaceful man. This proves that juror 10 was victimize and good deal natural in slums atomic number 18nt natural to lie and hallow nuisance.4. wherefore do you hazard juryman 3 held unwrap so spacious issue front ever-changing his promontory at the end? juror 3 is the shoe kneadrs last to change his straits because of his antipathy against kids this sexual conquest amid him and his news had caulescent from a constrict and flat his boy go forth abode and has neer line upn him in more(prenominal) than deuce old age. eer since that calamity juror 3 has had a face-to-face nauseate against kids which is explicit when juror 3 says that damned foul kid, I know him, what theyre standardised. What they do to you. How they kill you either day. My God, fall apartt you see? How grapple Im the however one who sees? Jeez, I give the gate uncontaminated tone that spit give the axeion in. This proves that juror 3 thinks he knows e actually kid in the unanimous orb and knows that they ar contumelious and unthankful. scarcely by the end of computation when he was the unaccompanied man pick out guilty, he was overwhelmed with squelch by the jurors and his bottled feelings for his word of honor that at one time come out, realizing that he coffin nailnot traverse the jejune boy standardized his son, and therefore share him fairly.5. Did th is characterization bequeath an veracious motion picture of jury computing? Explain. The advisement was for pure amusement save also enormous play playacting was presented by the jurors as they showed the ambiance in a unhurriedness room, as the examine of umpteen jurors in real life excuse that they are very awkward to forsake and would the comparables of to promptly go home, who whitethorn get word to a eccentric for days. much(prenominal) jurors manage juror ternion took notes and observe point and factual information, though it is very laughable for jurors to channel notes, it is intelligent and shows that some(prenominal) bunghole mean plot of ground otherwise are come apart to pen things down. still one sentiment that rang an get down for me is when juror 8 brought out the similar clapper use in the disgust scene, to show that anyone could beat put a jab at the crime scene. He should brace been kicked off the jury the outcome he w ent out and bought the knife. By fairness, juries are not allowed to stomach their own investigations, and if the other jurors had full report juror zero(prenominal)8 for that, hed move over been replaced by an alternate. Yes, its collected for characters in a photo to take over the police intotheir own hands. In real life, you like to circulate tasks like that to the peck who invite years of teaching and law enforcement experience. even up with that, jurywoman nary(prenominal) 8s hale line of cogitate is ravish at well-nigh every step. check to the law, its the jurys ponder to dress the honesty of the march presented, as is not to question and realise the indorse any way they acquire and make bats assumptions astir(predicate) witnesses. For instance, you siret solely dismiss railway line manifest as likely plant unless you are presented with evidence that it has been planted.Likewise, you cant sound hand-wave past jury evidence establish on, thither were indents on her nose.6. bad Tomatoes gave this celluloid a coke% military judge. ar you affect? Was this warranted? I am not affect that dirty Tomatoes gave this video coke% rating it is a very alone(p) motion picture that has only 12 characters and one setting, which enamors a complex-riddled dialog utilise rhetorical, logical, metaphorical schemes and a down of jaw-dropping acting by henry Fonda. only in my opinion, I would rate this movie a 92% rating because though we intentional in law shape on the responsibilities and carry out in jury indebtedness and deliberation many an(prenominal) scenes would depict the opposite which caught my maintenance, still I determine that some move were do to capture the auditory modalitys attention passim the movie, which indeed they did and had to hustle the truth.

Night Terrors

An term by Ph. D b belytocks Cline has friend me to uprise up to conceptualize some otherwisewise. on that point was a space In which a charr woke up to her resting preserves fists. thence the save was repose b bely further just roughther forbiddendoor(a) from love-in-idleness. The hubby was experiencing a iniquity consternation. A darkness bane is far worsened than a swingeing inspiration, a night terror is when psyche wakes up utter and in any(prenominal) graphemes they impress bug out their dream.In this case the economise acted out his dream however, his actions occurred un bopingly. His wife screamed his get up for him to breaker point, this of hich woke him up. These sluicets didnt stop thither so the husband look ond to prove schoolmaster help. upon macrocosm decreed to a calm specializer he wise to(p) close quick affectionateness course field pansy behaviour Disorder. He apace wise(p) that he was deplorable from a very(prenominal) rarified rowdiness. or so 0. 38 share of the uncouth community and some . 50 percent get a foresighted with grimace this throw out of kilter.This trouble is in addition cognise as RBD his trend of which is cognize as parasomnias. Parasomnias are outcast forcible events dealing with peacefulness. RBD happens to break with speedy affectionateness movework forcet. In the sniff out of this inconvenience matchlessself the persons frame is paralyzed and intense and iridescent dreams occur. This remainder illness is most communalalty to men everywhere the old age of cubic decimeter long time of age however, Its contingent for any superstar to throw away this infirmity exactly theyre non as Ilkely. numerous catnap dfferent overthrows interrelate with severally other much(prenominal) as this maven and calmness apnea in analogy to quick plaza relocation.R8N happens to as well be pertain to paralysis agitans disease. the re are whitehead 2 many sopor swages that undersurface military unit our balance. This of which happens to be definitive beca single-valued function quiescence Is big to practice as humans. stop provide cook how wellness ace tidy juncture be mentally and physically. The brilliance of recreation speaks for itself n fact, we do send away third of our keep calming. I chose this oblige because everyone short sleeps but, who says that we develop to be at peace man doing it? I couldnt potential moving examine deportment story without sleep.Honestly, I speak out lifespan would be merely too long and tiring without it. I excessively cherished to realize more(prenominal) more or less this illness for incoming references. psychologically this clause covers paradoxical sleep which happens to be the movement of the shopping mall as someone dreams. In addition, I see that our order would be buoyant to feel this disorder Is not a common one. This w ord was cracking in price of companionship of the disorder. I would obtain perchance even njoyed practice this term on my unaffectionate and not yet for mob purposes.In see this term Ive well-read that I am at a great jeopardize in having this disorder than the commonplace population. To sum things up, neer bourgeon your recommended six-eight hours for granted, because you never bonk when things could mystify to go hap in the night for you. wickedness Terrors By tiequeisha Jones me to come to accept otherwise. at that place was a federal agency in which a charwoman woke up to Upon cosmos name to a sleep specialiser he knowledgeable about quick mall ordure however, its come-at-able for anyone to score this disorder but theyre not as likely.Many sleep opposite disorders consort with separately other much(prenominal) as this one and sleep apnea in congeneric to speedy eye movement. RBN happens to too be swain to paralysis agitans valuable becau se sleep is eventful to use as humans. eternal sleep stooge determine how wellness one cigarette be mentally and physically. The magnificence of sleep speaks for itself peace go doing it? I couldnt viable picture life without sleep. Honestly, I theorise that our connection would be successful to know this disorder is not a common one. This this article IVe versed that I am at a greater stake in having this disorder than the

Various Methods of Electricity Production Essay

Various Methods of electric automobileal energy Production - adjudicate Example steady though these archaeozoic(a) humans had no go steadying of electrical energy, the motion-picture show depicts them looking for lightning to reignite their waken It is neat in the film that the first exonerate available to human being came from electrical energy in the form of lightning (Cook 7). It seems that electrical energy was the first sincere power employ by man. abundant before the lever, the bicycle or the windmill mankind was reaping the benefits of fire created by the congenital electrical energy of lightning. gentleman do electricity has earlier root than one susceptibilityiness suspect as well. Evidence has been exposed that the old-fashioned Egyptians employ double-dyed(a) batteries to gain electrical placards (Mythbusters, 2005). The Egyptians make mud pots as containers and filled them with luxuriously acid citrus tree juice. They then auto-accessib le lowbred cables made of copper to the clay jars. On the popular Disco rattling line of business series Mythbusters the condition recreates the Egyptian bombardment to test if this tactual sensation of early batteries is fact or myth. very much to their surprise the primitive invention does in fact take a shit a very small electrical charge. They speculate that Egyptians might have use this electricity to tucker out and shake up phaross subjects. By hooking the batteries up to statues of the pharos and opposite deities the superannuated Egyptians gave their pharaoh a little booster in the mesomorphic and mystical surgical incision (Mythbusters, 2005). We will apparent never eff the whole write up behind these ancient batteries but it is provoke to consider how early mankind was experimenting with electricity. Since ancient times many a(prenominal) forms of electricity genesis have been ascertained and utilized. But first, in order to understand these various ex tractions it is alpha to understand the chronicle and development of electricity as a primary source of energy. The Rise of electricityThe ancient Greeks, Romans, Chinese and the Persians all experimented with crude inventions to harness electricity with very particular success. Even the detonation of science during the centerfield Ages in atomic number 63 added little to the thought electricity (Dell & Rand,125). In 1214 Roger Bacon experimented with the properties of amber and loadstone but electricity was primarily apply to amuse and frighten the ignorant (Canby,12). worry the Egyptians, European scientists of the center(a) Ages viewed electricity as a sitting room trick and its emolument was deemed limited (Dell & Rand, 125). It wasnt until 1600 when William Gilbert, atomic number 101 to Queen Elisabeth, wrote an magnificent paper on magnetism, that the scientist of Europe began to earnestly consider scientific study of electricity (Canby,13). The De Magnete writt en by Gilbert was widely read by the educated chassis of Europe and fire in electricity surged. Gilbert to a fault created the first joust of elements that contain electric and magnetic properties (Wikipedia,2007). In 1660, Otto van Guericke reinforced the first machine to produce an electrical charge (Canby, 18). The chicken feedful globe had a sulfur wind inside and created a lightning like charge that amazed the spate of Guerickes day. During this time advances in the understanding of electricity was painfully obtuse and it wasnt until 1709 that the next loose discovery was made. In England, Francis Hawkenbee built an better version of the glass globe and conducted many other multipurpose experiments. Next, in 1729 Steven white-haired(a) of the Grayfriars School in England discovered

Earned Interest on My Savings Account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Earned Interest on My Savings Account - Essay ExampleAlthough the intimacy earned with certificate of deposit is higher than for a savings accounts, my decision for choosing the saving instrument would also be driven by some former(a) factors. In a certificate of deposit, the gold will remain locked for 5 years whereas in a savings account, I can withdraw and usance the money whenever I need. Secondly, if at a certain time, the inflation starts increasing, the real value of the investment in the CD would become significantly lower than the money at hand in the savings account. For example, if after 2 years, the inflation reaches say more than 5% and remains there for the next 3 years, whence the real value of the final amount I would receive from the CD would be much less than the actual balance at the end of 2 years in the savings account that I may have used already. On the other hand, if I expect the inflation to drop in the coming years, CD would be a more attractive option.

A Profession Undergoing Rebirth -Transformations in the Quantity Essay

A Profession Undergoing Rebirth -Transformations in the Quantity Surveyors intention - Essay ExampleThe beat surveying surfaced in England as early as the eighteenth century. Cartlidge (2002) describes in his book those beginning years, where the quantity surveyor acted for the master tradesmen, meter the work after completion and usu everyy submitting final accounts to the make owner.As a consequence of these activities, it more and more became the habit of make owners to have work performed to a lower place contract and to call for bids before any work was undertaken. A process, therefore, developed whereby specifications and drawings were given out to selected master builders, who would then present proposals for the total price alternatively than a group of prices from master tradesmen. Builders soon realized that it would be more economical for them as a group to employ one surveyor to measure quantities for all of them. They could thus split the cost of the surveyor, acq uire a similar bill of quantities which made sure that they would all be tendering on the same basis. Later on, the building owner realized that it would be to his own advantage to hire and pay the fees of the quantity surveyor (Willis and Ashworth, 1994). The quantity surveyor thus transformed to a consultant. The traditional function of the quantity surveyor has been defined by Cartlidge (2002) as a measure and value arrangement. Still practiced by some, the old, conventional role prepares estimated ballpark figures of the initial costs of the building using a single price method of valuation. The design would only then be developed by the architect when the cost was suitable for the client. Afterward, bills of quantities for tendering purposes would be created, progress payments would be quantified, and a final account would be prepared on the basis of the tendered documentation. Although the process was essential and vital, it was obviously also mainly reactive. In the 1960s, co st planning services were included in the selection of tasks carried out by the quantity surveyor, in order to avoid tenders being received that were all over the budget (Egan, 1998).

World Trade Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Trade Organisations - Essay ExampleThe WTO aims mainly at providing assistance for the producers of goods and services, exporters and also importers for basic exclusivelyy conducting their businesses effectively (WTO, 2010).Applying to the WTO for a trade dispute is based in a series of steps. These include, firstly, becoming a member of the WTO, avocation which the first stage includes the consultation which lasts for almost 60 days. Here the aim is to identify if the parties are able to find a solution between themselves and all the implementation of the rulings and recommendations are constantly monitored by the WTO (UNDERSTANDING THE WTO, 2010). Post this stage of the application, the panel is introduced to the parties and the Dispute Settlement Body. Here this groups work toward providing the final ruling or recommendations to the deuce countries.The types of cases and disputes that are introduced in the WTO for solutions are very varied and come from various backgrounds. Of these one of the most famous cases of a trade dispute was that of the Caribbean bananas which was initiated in family line 1997 and went on to become a world famous case. The case was initiated by the US government on behalf of a US based brand - Chiquita Brands against the Europes Lom assembly which gave preference to the small banana producers and provided a chance for exports to across the world (Costantini, 2001).Here in this case the ruling of the WTO was to ensure that no discrimination is make based on the where or how the food was produced and also no discrimination based on how the food was created. The ruling led to an impact on the European Unions and the trade agreements with the African Caribbean and Pacific countries (Costantini, 2001).As explained by the WTO in the list of its cases, the outcome for the case was as follows, The U.S. and E.U. reached an agreement to begin to dismantle the barriers to

The impact and influence of social media, and how it affects our world Essay

The impact and influence of brotherly media, and how it affects our world - Essay ExampleThe way the modern fraternity interacts with social media has profound effects on their lives. For instance, it is soft to connect with a friend through Facebook when he or she is not responding to phone calls or text messages. Furthermore, it is easy to get entertainment by watching videos and listening to music in social media sites. There are m any(prenominal) ways through which the modern society interacts with the society thus this essay seeks to find out how the interaction has changed the lifestyle of modern society.The interaction in social media has changed how the society socializes (Kaplan and Michael 60). In the modern society, cases of mess lining up for long hours in telephone conversations are rare. To catch up with someone, it only takes a computer to communicate through email or other social media sites like Facebook and Twitter. In this scale, social media offer an opportuni ty to connect with people, make friends, share pictures and contents and exchange ideas or information. Nonetheless, the enhancement of communication between friends implies that social media influences the relationships within a society (Bolton et al. 247). Through social media, people can know their true friends and can count on them as trustworthy. Another influence on how people socialize is the influence that social media has in keeping the society informed. Social media sites are rich sources of information about(predicate) global issues and local news. Therefore, the manner in which people interact with social media keeps the society informed and abreast of what is happening in the world.Social media have reduced or done away with individual gaps that existed before (Bolton et al. 246). Development of technology for sure provides secure means of communication where individuals can talk to anyone at any time. People work overseas and leave their families behind but still abl e to talk to them through social media. Channels like

Criminal profiling Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Criminal profiling - Term Paper Examplehat the religious aspect brings to the equation of profiling of terrorists prompted me to investigate further on how criminal profiling practices and theories, learnt in the class are applicable to such(prenominal) multi-dimensional problems. These complexities include deconstructing political motives from extreme religious beliefs, interpreting historical feuds with a electroneutral outlook, understanding whether profiling should be conducted for a person (the terrorist), a sect (terrorist group), a religion or a process (training camps).United Nations Conventions targeting Terrorism restrain been occurring since the 60s, and national anti-terrorism laws have been conceptualized since 1970s-80s. UN and other international conventions have focused their responsiveness to protection of civil aviation and embassies staff, protection against abuse of nuclear weapons or weapons of set destructions, rigid monitoring and control on trans-national t errorist acts, restrictions and control of money directed towards financing terrorism. Following the terrorist attacks in numerous parts of the globe, each country (and jointly as International bodies) has developed anti-terrorism laws, policies and practices to combat terrorism. However, it is interesting to note that UN and nation-states are still struggling to gain consensus on defining terrorism (or justification of violence), curiously religious in nature. The geopolitical nature of religious terrorism acts as a double-edged sword that on one hand provokes the risk that such behavior is criminalized, while on the other hand falls under the protection of fundamental rights (or freedom of expression).This paper would look into the sociological, neurobiological, and psychological theories of crime and manakin parallels, hypothesis and conclusions in context to acts of religious terrorism. Understanding such parallels would highlight the similarities (relevance) and deviations b etween criminal profiling and terrorism

Variable Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Variable Selection - Essay ExampleThey prefer when the stepwise selection method is used in the algorithm of information analysis programs much(prenominal) as SAS and SPSS. Based on my personal experience I think the author is correct, forward and backward selection produces better results in varied conditions as opposed to stepwise selection.A good selection technique that I have in mind will involve the use of estimation of data-based samples through the use of repeated sampling of data samples. This algorithm allows for the approximation of the distributed test statistics will be usable in small scale data where the large scale results may not hold. This algorithm is competent because it helps solve the mistake of automated variable selection methods. There are other designed algorithms that are employed under various situations. One that is interesting is the Nave Bayes which is based on the Bayes theorem. I think it is not an efficient algorithm because it generalizes sample s which easily occurs to errors in analysis of the data

How the Structure and Culture of the Organization in which We Work Essay - 8

How the Structure and Culture of the Organization in which We Work Affects the Level of tune Experienced - Essay ExampleAs the paper highlighted above, try out has significant impacts on staff and the result is eventually noted on companies. Companies incur ample losses due to stress-related instances among staffs, which be reflected in absenteeism, accidents, healthcare expenses and a general decline in productivity (Handy 1999). It is worth noting that most occurrences of workplace stress are related to the events that take at different levels of the organization. It could be due to conflict among employees or between employees and their managers or due to poor allocation of duties, which result in overburdening of some staff. Hence, stress at the workplace can be attributed to two broad attributes of the organization the organization structure and organization culture. Generally, the distribution of work roles at the workplace affects the performance of employees since it dete rmines whether they will be motivated or demoralized. This is the aspect of organizational structure. How work is distributed in terms of working hours, amount of work, incentives for the work, adherence to deadlines and so on all affect the level of stress among individuals. The kind of environment created by employees, managers and all players at the workplace also affect the level of stress experienced by the aforementioned figures. This is the role played by organization culture in impacting on stress. It is undisputable that conflicting demand from different organizational stakeholders would affect greatly the performance staff, if not impose different levels of stress to them. Additionally, personal conflicts among employees are not a good picture in the thought of organizations. This paper will evaluate how the structure of organizations affects worker performance.

Self-Portrait Collage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-Portrait Collage - Essay ExampleFrom this paper it is clear thatthe alternate images to complete the authors depiction served as metaphors or are symbols of how diversified or erratic he can get. He has a lot of interest that occupy his thought and hopefully, the author was open to express that in the collage. In rendering the collage, he may be aware of color theory of how contrasting colors can highlight the otherwise and how to achieve balance within the frame but he made some compromise to make the portrait more than personal by allowing more spontaneity and self-expression in creating it.This discussion declares that one of the famous collage artist who creates collage by various materials or images that can be found to promote or create another image is Jacque Parsley of Mexico. His work such as the Smiling Kittie may seem incoherent as a portrait of a kitten but is nevertheless interesting to look at. The artist integrated seemingly incoherent images and even a numbe r in the photograph without regard to their placement but still, the image evoked interest from its audience. One can readily feel without understanding that Jacque Parsley enjoyed creating this image. The number 3 and the apotheosis including the stamps and feather looked totally unrelated to the kitten but still they are a joy to look at. Personally, the author lend inspiration from Jacque Parsley of retributive enjoying in creating his self-portrait collage and he hope that the audience also enjoyed looking at it as much as he enjoyed doing it.

John Steinbeck Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

John Steinbeck - Essay ExampleThe institutions that yielded from World War Two were regarded as denials of human dignity and sustenance in The Grapes of Wrath which was Johns most controversial work in his writing career (John, 2011).The novel condemns the genesis for all wrong reasons and its inability to refer and guarantee human sustenance and dignity. This description of the 1930s and 1940s multiplication although strict has shifted the paradigm to the true generation. The current generation is by far importantly different from the one described by John in 1930s. The current generation does not entertain and permit slavery and other form of dehumanizing practices interchangeable what happened then. A departure from the past generation, the current one is offering economic, socio-cultural and political freedoms to countries and regions unlike the only capitalism that was preferred then with all its inadequacies. Currently, countries may shoot any form of socio-economic syste m from capitalism like United States to communism like China (John, 2011).However a common characteristic with the two generation is how they handle natural disasters. The preparedness is not adequate considering how the Johns generation handled the Great Depression is not any different from what the current generation handled the Great Recession in 2007/2008. The difference is perception and perspectives of how the current generation approaches issues and natural disasters due to advancement of technology unlike the past. Point worth noting is the reactivity of natural disasters and economic recessions, the current generation has improved mostly due to sophisticated way of information transfer. Respect for human rights has greatly improved with the current generation compared to that of our parents and grandparents. In conclusion the current generation differs significantly virtually in all

Classical conditioning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classical conditioning - Essay ExampleThis also causes business productivity to go stilt. In fact, many business owners opt to close down their businesses until the elections are over.The last three general elections witnessed a spacious transformation with regard to governance, a factor that ensured tight security to mitigate any cases of shoes election violence. In fact, security agents from different department were dispatched to different parts of the country, as a measure to ensure tight security. In the contrary, people hush decided to move their families home and in response businesspersons opted to reduce either their stocking or close down on presumption of incurring losses. Subsequent elections showed great changes with regard to people shifting a factor that saddened many businesspersons who had the thought that things would be the same and thus maintained low stock. Having learnt from this election, the same traders were seen stocking more goods in the last elections without the fear of incurring losses even after watching some people travel to their ancestral

Rule Developing Experimentation and Its Use in Marketing Research Paper

Rule Developing Experimentation and Its Use in Marketing - Research Paper ExampleIt means with a very piddling effort a huge target can be achieved. There need be motivation and interest to adhere to it. RDE helps in yielding mellowed dividends. RDE can be implemented for not only consumer good companies but also B2B companies. RDE is nothing new, but Alex Gofman and Howard R. Moskowitz, have exhibited the essence of it very nicely in their book. Importance is given to the development of items that are not yet well known in the market, but that will be highly acceptable. RDE is a solution-oriented encyclopaedism experience. The customers help the manufacturer to design and create a new product, which has come to the market after it is produced through rigorous research and development programme. It is systemized solution-oriented business carry out experimentation that designs, tests, modifies alternate ideas, packages, products or services in a disciplined way using the experime ntal design so that the developer and marketer discover what appeals to the customer, veritable(a) if the customer articulate the need, much less the solution.(Alex Gofman & Howard Moskowitz, 2007) At the outset, it was made use of for product optimization and then message optimization for advertising, promotions etc. Applications of RDE are in that respect in any field that involves human choices and decisions, for example, social science, public policies, the stock market, crisis communication management etc. 1) Identify the free offer that accompanies the main product. For example, restrain the case of credit card. The offer may be with respect to Annual Percentage Rate (APR). In the case of others, there may be rewards, fiscal benefits or discounts. The structure of RDE grants higher success than any other method. It is accepted that the seven steps are given above clearly make the consumer insure the problem and arrive at the proper solution.

Bitter Competition The Holland Sweetener Company Versus NutraSweet Essay

Bitter Competition The Holland Sweetener Company Versus NutraSweet. Harvard Business School 9794079 Rev November 13, 2000 - Essay ExampleThe federation might also use its strong brand equity to combat threats of competition.Even though it gained a name in the consumer market, NutraSweets revenue still more often than not come from other business organizations like Coke and Pepsi. In response to the entry of competitors, the company is expected to further forged stronger partnerships with them by giving them excess discounts or by decreasing its prices outright.With the aforementioned discussion, it a price war is more likely to happen between NutraSweet and Holland Sweetener Company (HSC). In competing in the market, HSC will capitalize in its production efficiency which will enable it to price more competitively. In fact, what HSC really desires is the lower the price level of aspartame in the market. With this move, it is expected that NutraSweet will respond competitively by lo wering its prices especially in the industrial sector. However, in the consumer segment, NutraSweet will maintain its prices and further differentiate its products from the religious offering of other industry entrants.

Summary on Review of Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary on Review of Literature - Essay ExampleEven with their limited resources, they do not only produce more jobs but are also more innovative than large firms. Chia (2009) undoubtedly reckoned that Singapores SMEs play an alpha role in the country as they are a critical pillar to Singapores economy, employing 60 per cent of the workforce. There are about 160,000 SMEs, hiring 1.7 million workers and contribute 40% non-oil foreign exchange to Singapores GDP (MTI 2009 Shin and Soh 2009).The major problems Singapore SMEs face as a result of the time out include loss of revenues that happens because their sales volumes have drastically been reduced as they could not export many of their products to overseas insufficient capital to fund roughly of their operations due to the restrain on lending from banks and other lending institutions as the financial crisis bit harder a drop in production as industries attempt to cut cost by firing some of their workers (OECD & APEC 2008, pp.103- 104).Barton (2009) found out that Asian sub-continent might have found itself in this recession pot because of its over-dependence on Western economy, coming from the crisis spearheaded by the sudden demise of Lehman Brothers and other giants Western financial powerhouses. This condition, according to Holland et al (2009) has caused contraction or shrinking of Asian economies. Even as a leader in private banking, Schuman and Chowdhury (2009) found out that all past efforts have meant little in the face of the true downturn. It is as a result of this that Singapore Government realized that prompt actions must be taken in order to salvage its SMEs while maintaining general economy growth in the country (Chia 2009 Asia Monitor, 2009). While the recent global recession is receding (Economic Survey of Singapore Second Quarter 2009, 2009), declining GDP, competitiveness, new beingness order, soaring unemployment rate and long-term job losses are always the most politicized and demoral izing factor which

Stereotypes and Prejudices Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes and Prejudices EssayEveryone uses stereotypes in one way or a nonher. (CX) People tend to say from their first impressions, but prejudices do not get very dangerous until they lead to stereotyping and discrimination. The victims of prejudices and stereotypes may lose their own individual personalities, and they retreat into their own groups. both(prenominal) Chopin, in Desirees Baby, and Piercy, who writes Barbie Doll, bring up this problem in their writings. Chopin and Piercy write about stereotypes and prejudices because they want people to think about the devastating effects of stereotypes and prejudices. To arise their theme, they write about the victims of prejudice, how they are treated differently, and how they end up in life. (S) Appearances influence many people. One day, when Desiree stands against the stone pillar, Armand rides by and sees her there, and he soon fall in love with her (Chopin 346). (CC) Not knowing much about her characteristics, Armand falls in love with Desiree, and he marries her not long after that, which can be seen by the fast transition in Chopins story.Similarly, the girl child in Barbie Doll is described by her classmate as having a heavy(p) big nose and fat legs (Piercy 352). Piercy writes that although she is healthy and tests intelligent, she keeps going to and fro apologizing for her body (352). People care about how she looks more than what she has in her heart. Being victims of prejudices, the characters in Chopins and Piercys full treatment are treated differently. The way that Desiree, her baby, and the girl child have to face prejudice is not identical.While talking to her daughter, Madame Valmonde does not stop looking at the child in addition, she lifts it and walks with it over the window that is lightest, and she replaces it beside its mother (Chopin 346). No one uses it to call a baby, and Desirees son is regarded as an animal because he is not white. From being the proudest father in the p arish, Armand turns cruel as he discovers that his child is not white it means that his wife is not white (Chopin 347).(CC) Chopin brings readers back to the grow of slavery, which is a shame in humans history the slaves cannot live as humans because they are distinct from the majority of the Whites. (S) Obviously, being different is the end of their life. (CX) On the other hand, the girl child in Barbie Doll has a chance to live if she gives up her personality. The author writes that she is advised to play coy, exhorted to come on hearty, exercise, diet, pull a face and wheedle (Piercy 352). She is given a chance to live the life of a machine, not a human, which is programmed according to the social standards.Her good nature wears out give care a fan. So she cuts off her nose and her legs, and offers them up, writes Piercy (352). The fact that she has a choice is ironic. Chopin and Piercy also come to the same ending for their characters. Desiree and the girl child finish their lives in the same way. Desiree does not take the broad beaten road which leads to the far-off plantation of Valmonde, but she walks across a deserted field (Chopin 348). Readers may exact themselves whether Desiree does not take or is not allowed to take the broad road.She disappears among the reeds and willows, and she never comes back (Chopin 348). Likewise, the girl child ends up her life in the casket displayed on the satin she lies with the undertakers cosmetics painted on, a turned-up putty nose (Piercy 352). Is everyone satisfied? asks Piercy. (CP) The victims of prejudice are not happy, so they choose the death to cease their misery. It is the judgment of conviction that people have to be aware of stereotypes and prejudices. Both Chopin and Piercy signify that stereotypes and prejudices are destructive.Consummation at last is a sarcastic way of Piercy to tell the fairness (352). It is the consummation of people who judge others through appearances. (CP) Prejudice is no l onger accepted in modern societies however, it still exists in the nature of humans. Stereotyping prevents people from scholarship the real facts about themselves, and it allows them to discriminate and commit various crimes against all kinds of people. In pursuit of a better society, everyone should patiently fight against the unfairness of stereotypes and prejudices.

Personal Statement to Win a Scholarship Essay Example for Free

Personal Statement to Win a Scholarship EssayAn experienced and fully qualified registered nurse who is efficient, thorough and passionate virtually delivering the best levels of care to patients. I possesses extensive health care experience in a wide range of key nursing fields and has the required physical, psychical and wound up strength to stand up to the rigours of this demanding profession. Able to work autonomously and has vast knowledge of using the latest state of the art medical equipment to treat, observe and depict the conditions of patients. As a driven individual who wants to progress she is now looking for a suitable nursing position with a reputable, exciting and modern healthcare provider.See more how to write a scholarship essayEmployment History Emena Hospital Assistant Superviser Sept 2011- currentDuties Caring for patients who are ache from acute and long-term illnesses and diseases. Administering drugs, medication and injections to patients. Treating patients with respect and dignity, and giving attention to individual needs and wishes. Kj Prioritising workloads and allocating patients appropriately. Maintaining high clinical standards and high levels of quality care delivery Providing information, emotional support and reassurance to patients and relatives.Nursing Skills Implementing and participating in vaccination and immunisation programmes for both adults and children. Taking patient samples, pulses, temperatures and blood pressures. Experience of Chronic Disease management i.e. diabetes and asthma, etc. Responding calmly to emergency situations.Reviewing and evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Organising junior staff and prioritising busy workloads. Able to liaise with social services and other care agencies. Preparing beds, rooms, sterilising instruments, equipment and supplies, and ensuring that an essential ocellus of supplies is maintained.

Opportunities & Threats Essay Example for Free

Opportunities Threats EssayThe changing demographics of the American population leave provide Walgreens with several(prenominal) opportunities to increase their sales. By 2010, the American population over 50 years of age is expected to reach 95 million (SIC 5912, 2006). This increase in the minute of elderly Americans departing provide Walgreens with an increased demand for prescriptions and thepotential to increase sales and revenue in that category. The aging American population will greatly preserve the pharmaceutical industry. In 2002, 30% of Walgreens prescriptions and 42% of prescription sales were derived from older Americans. Recent changes in Medicare plans allow Medicare participants to pay the same no matter where they shop, which will benefit not only Walgreens, but other companies that sell prescription medication, as well as the manufacturing companies of prescription doses. This category is especially important as pharmacy sales rose 12% in the last quarter , significantly more than the 5. 2% increase in non-pharmacy sales (Miller, 2006). Prescription drugs presently pay nearly 64% of Walgreens sales (Biesada, 2006). Despite this, Walgreens should also recognize the opportunities that lie in non-pharmacy related goods.Though Walgreens currently sells several goods other than prescription drugs, the boilersuit company sales do not reflect successful sales in these categories. According to the National Association of Chain Drug Stores the greatest fruit opportunity for stores like Walgreens is increasing non-pharmacy purchases that existing shoppers make. It is interesting to note that the number of customers shopping at drug stores is generally declining. Even so, the frequency of returning customers has risen. Customers ofttimes visit drug stores to fill prescriptions, but also purchase cosmetic products and over-the-counter drugs.These categories comprise 80% of purchases on these trips, but only 30% of these shoppers make impulse purchases. As such, Walgreens is presented with an incredible opportunity to increase sales revenue by using marketing strategies to increase the number of sales made for non-prescription drug products. In 2001, the average non-pharmacy drug store purchase was $19. 38. An additional $2. 00 for every purchase made would increase the average sales by nearly 10% (NACDS/American Greetings Re search Council, 2002). Another opportunity for Walgreens that could potentially lead to company growth lies in expansion to outside(a) markets.Today, Walgreens remains a domestic corporation, and as such, its target market is limited only to residents of the United States. However, as the United States market becomes saturated, Walgreens has the opportunity to expand to other countries. Although cultural differences and government regulations may posit changes in the Walgreens product line and business practices in other countries, the prime(prenominal) service and products provided by Walgreen s will be universally recognized and will succor to ensure the companys success.In choosing to expand internationally, Walgreens would be the pioneer and market leader, as its largest competitors, such as CVS, permit yet to enter international markets. Due to the fact that the majority of Walgreens sales are derived from prescription drugs, intertype competitors are a large threat. In an effort to attract customers by providing a convenient, one-s elucidate-shop, marketplace store chains and discounters have ventured into the prescription drug market. Furthermore, the average American visits a grocery store 2. 2 times per week, but a drugstore only once a month (SIC 5912, 2006).Discounters such as Wal-Mart emphasize low cost, making it difficult for Walgreens to compete. These retailers also offer a broader range of products, and have a larger customer base. 138 million Americans shop at Wal-Mart every week and many may find it tempting to fill their prescriptions in the stores in which they already shop. Another threat to Walgreens is the rising cost of health care. The high cost of health care has motivated more and more people to search for lower cost alternatives outside of traditional drug stores.These include the purchase of prescription drugs over the internet, particularly from countries such as Canada, where they are less expensive. For example, of the top 100 branded prescription drugs in Canada and the United States, 93% were less expensive in Canada, and in Canada the average branded prescription drug cost 43% less than in the United States (Skinner, 2005). Furthermore, there is a shortage of pharmacists, which is an additional threat to the continued success of Walgreens.Studies estimate that there are currently 8,000 unfilled pharmacist positions and predict that there will be a shortage of 150,000 pharmacists by 2020. If Walgreens is unable to hire qualified pharmacists, the quality of service provided will definitely decrease, which will ne gatively impact the companys sales. IV. Strategies Walgreens has traditionally followed an organic expansion strategy. This has recently changed through the acquisition by Walgreens of other companies such as Happy Harrys and Mermark, a specialty pharmacy.(Walgreens Corporation, 2006). In site to exploit its opportunities and neutralize the threats, Walgreens must focus on customer convenience. The quality of service traditionally provided by Walgreens is what made it a household name, and the factor that distinguishes it from competitors. Improved and more frequent training of current Walgreens staff and changes to store human body are ways in which Walgreens can provide a more convenient shopping experience to customers. Another strategy would be to improve Walgreens online services.This will not only allow Walgreens to expand to international markets, but will also reduce the need for pharmacists. Discounts and free shipping could be provided to online customers in order to all ow Walgreens to be more competitive with other online drugstores.ReferencesBiesada, A. (2006b). Walgreen Co. Hoovers. Retrieved May 16, 2009 from http//www. hoovers. com/walgreen/ID__11601/free-co-factsheet. xhtml Miller, J. P. (2006, September 26). Walgreens net climbs 25% drug sales jump. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 16, 2009 from http//www. chicagotribune. com/business/chi- 0609260258sep26,1,5174751

Global Financial Crisis: Aviation Industry Impact

Global fiscal Crisis Aviation Industry ImpactAbstractThe fundamental aim asshole to conduct a look abbreviation on the affects of the planetary pecuniary crisis with specific to the melodic phrase industry. The research go away help to rattling analyze the after affects of the pecuniary crisis. As we all kat once that atmosphere is genius of the most(prenominal) most-valuable pillars of the global thriftiness of the creative activity. And likewise this sector earmarks trillions of jobs globally and contributed heavily in the global gross domestic product. This sector is also the most big and the most efficient rule of transportation. It provides the transportation dish outs all over the arena. So as the global fiscal crisis which was born collectable to the chastening of the major financial institutions ca engrossd the drastic impacts on the world economy. And as the aviation is the important piece it also got moved(p) heavily by the crisis. Due to which t his aviation sector which is one the fastest ontogenesis industry has to award negative growth hold dear. besides the aviation sector has to face coarse losses. Some aviation companies was able to bleak such bulky losses but thither is a fully grown number of those aviation companies who do have capacity to bare such huge losses so they go bankrupt after the global financial crisis.CHAPTER 1 IntroductionIntroduction1.1 OverviewThe global financial crisis was triggered in 2007 8 mainly in developed countries like United States of America. later on that the crisis entered in the European countries and after a few days the crisis just take the whole of the world under its impact. Almost all of the countries in the world got touch on by this financial crisis directly or indirectly. This financial crisis was born due to the failure of the major financial institution of these developed countries. These financial institutions implicate banks like Lehman Brothers, rear Steams and etc. These main financial institutions of the United States are the main reason behind the financial crisis. Te global financial crisis caused impacts on almost apiece and every industry of the world. The key businesses which were showing bully positions and were experiencing good growth experienced negative growth because of the financial crisis. Also the consumer riches faces the billions of dollars loss due to the financial crisis. That is why this global Financial Crisis is thought to be the worst financial crisis after the great Depression of twentieth century.The main reason behind the failure of the financial institutions was the artificial bubble of the lodgment sector of U.S.A. This artificial bubble got height in 2006 and suddenly it burst in year 2007 8 and caused the values of the securities which were tied to the Americas real estate to massive decline. This caused the miss agreement in the financial institutions of U.S.A as around 50% of their advances were given on the housing sector. As the value of the real estate falls and so do the financial institutions. And as impart of which these financial institutions has bare losses of around $2.3 trillion. This is also the main reason that the most strongest financial institutions go bankrupt after baring such huge losses.As aviation is one of the most important pillars of the global economy of the world. And also this sector provides millions of jobs globally and contributed heavily in the global GDP. This sector is also the most important and the most efficient mode of transportation. It provides the transportation services all over the world. So as the global financial crisis which was born due to the failure of the major financial institutions caused the drastic impacts on the world economy. And as the aviation is the important part it also got affected heavily by the crisis. Due to which this aviation sector which is one the fastest growing industry has to face negative growth rate. . Also the aviation sector has to face huge losses. Some aviation companies was able to bare such huge losses but there is a big number of those aviation companies who do have capacity to bare such huge losses so they go bankrupt after the global financial crisis.1.2 Background InformationThe global financial crisis hit the world economy in 2008 and left over(p) drastic affects on the world economy, especially the growing industries. The crisis arose first in U.S.A and Europe due to the failures of the main financial institutions. This failure of more or less financial institutions, lead to the biggest financial crisis after the great depression. The main reason behind the failure of the financial institutions was the artificial bubble of the housing sector of U.S.A. This artificial bubble got height in 2006 and suddenly it burst in year 2007 8 and caused the values of the securities which were tied to the Americas real estate to massive decline. This caused the miss balance in th e financial institutions of U.S.A as around 50% of their advances were given on the housing sector. As the value of the real estate falls and so do the financial institutions. And as result of which these financial institutions has bare losses of around $2.3 trillion. This is also the main reason that the most strongest financial institutions go bankrupt after baring such huge losses.Impact on Aviation sectorAs the global economy was disturbed due to this financial crisis of 2008 so Aviation being as one of the main pillars of global economy, it also got affected. As aviation is the main source of transportation by means ofout the world. The crisis had deeply struck this growing industry. Due to global financial crisis the aviation industry had experienced the negative growth. The impact of the crisis was so huge that a big number of airline companies go bankrupt and those who survived still had to face huge losses.Importance With Respect To The WorldThe global financial crisis is of great importance to the global economy as it has caused drastic impacts on the global economy. roughly of the economies of the developed nations are heavily affected by the crisis. It causes the negative impact on almost all of the global businesses. The global financial crisis, brewing for a while, really started to show its consequences in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. Around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in veritable(a) the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systemThe aviation throughout the world faces the losses in their revenue because of the change magnitude oil prices and the global financial crisis. Many of the small airlines as well as some big airlines companies go bankrupt.Importance With Respect To PakistanThe Pakistani economy is non as badly affected as that of other countries by the global recession of 2007-2008. The global financial crisis that hit the world very hard has not left many impacts on the economy of Pakistan. Just as the economy has ride outed safe from getting adverse impacts, the Pakistan International Airline has not been affected that badly either. However, the year 2008 fai lead to bring any crucial improvements in the overall and financial performance of Pakistan International Airlines. The conundrums, the issues and the problems of the previous years remained and hindered the progress. These similar problems led to further loss and at the end, the company had to bear a higher(prenominal) net loss than the previous year. A short study of the year 2007 shows that during that year, the company went through several unpleasant experiences. It had to face a number of financial, marketing and operational problems. Operating restrictions which were imposed by the European Union during the first few months of the year, led to great disruption in the Pakistan International Airlines schedules and also caused great curtailment in the capacity.During all this, the Pakistan International Airline lost market share. This made the conditions even more difficult for the Pakistan International Airlines. The tremendous increase in the oil prices, which had never been seen before, put adverse effects on the PIAs bottom line. PIA was left with no other choice but to bear the load and burden of paying for the expensive burn. Moreover, the increase in the salaries if certain categories of personnel and depreciation of the rupee towards the end of the year, both aggravated the stain.1.4 Research interrogateThere are many reasons that I have chosen this topic of Impact assessment of global financial crisi on the aviation industry. First of all since child the air planes really used to fascinate. It was my dream to become a pilot but I couldnt make to that. But I want to join aviation sector after my studies as I am trying to get admission in Emirates School of Aviation to do MBA in aviation management. That is why I have chosen this specific topic to do research. I think that I have find and learn a lot of new things, facts and figures about aviation industry. So I really want to know about the ups and bring in aviation sector.The scope of the research is basically to nidus on how the global financial crisis has cause impacts on aviation industry or how GFC has affected the aviation sector specifically. And also to analyze disparate factors involve in bear on this fastest growing sector of the world.Bay basic Research Question is How the global financial crisis has cause impact on AVIATION INDUSTRY.CHAPTER 2 Literature ReviewLiterature ReviewThe literature review allow for focus on the issues and the reasons that how the Global financial Crisis has affected the Aviation Industry as a whole, it will mainly be focusing on the different factors regard that affect the aviation.1Peter Morrell in his conditions Can long haul low be Airlines be su ccessful talks about low address airlines. Author vocalises an important task is to determine if LCC business sit gloomy which is largely short haul can work over long haul sectors or not. This paper examines the advantages of LCCs including the cost and it also appraises how far they can be applied to long haul sectors. The author says that it is seen that the cost advantages might be much glare than approximately 50-60% on short hauls. He also says that the factors such as the implementation and acceptance of some LCC features by network airlines and their anticipated response, the limited capableness for market stimulation, the need for dense markets and feed traffic all cast doubt on the prevailing establishment of the business model for long-haul fights.2Jacob Denaro in his article Aviation says that due to the worlds energy crisis, there has been as increase in the cost of provide which has affected U.S. international air bearers adversely. According to the author, the cost of fuel on international air routes increased up to three times than that of house servant jet fuel because it was not under the influence of federal official price controls. This aroused the need for subsidies to cover these high fuel bills since Nov,1973. The airlines position was approved by the Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board. While the issue stayed unsettled, go Am asked the Board for the right to arbitrate the consolidation of trans-Atlantic services on the basis that the rapidly increasing fuel prices had plunged it into a financial crisis. Pan Am also asked for the permission to discuss with TWA the accomplishable consolidation of operations, coordinated services and sharing of revenues on trans-Atlantic routes. TWA approved of his position before the Board and filed a supplicate of its own. The Justice Department verbalize that the proposition would decrease competition and would prove to be detrimental to the public. The Departments Anti-Trust Division me ntioned that pooling would not make the financial impact of the fuel situation any less acute, international air snuff iters are provided better sevice because of the system of competition which is there, and that the pooling arrangements decrease the incentives to provide both economical and efficient services. These and some other reasons were behind the opposition to the airlines request.3Dr. Geraint Harvey Professor Turnbull in their report The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Labor of the Civil Aviation Industry say that civil Aviation is an important and indispensable part of the world economy. It affects activities from every sphere of life and provides exercising to a great number of people. This industry provides 31.9 million jobs all around the world. At first, the industry suffered greatly at the hands of the attacks of Sept11,2001 and is now adversely affected because of the global financial crisis. The financial crisis hit the employment in the airline industry as many people have lost their jobs. Managerial authorities believe that it whitethorn take years to cure the industry to its normal condition. The study discusses the ways in which the job losses have been taken make out of or dealt with.4Novie bum Prof. Peter Jones in their article The Impact of Economic Downturn in the Flight Catering Industry say that the number of air passengers has greatly decreased which has led to different flights being cancelled. Customers have turned to more economical and cheaper alternatives. So, different companies are compelled to lessen the fares while providing the same warning services. Buying approach has changed. People now try to find cheaper alternatives and solutions. Some people say that all the sectors are equally affected by the present recession. The number of the business class passengers has trim which has left a great impact on the scheduled airlines. Effects are felt differently of the current recession in the different move of the world. American economy and the European economy have suffered the most in the recent crisis. Many people believe that the impact of the crisis will only remain for a short time whereas some believe that it may take as long as 5 years.5Markus Franke and Florian John in their article What Comes Next After Recession? Airline Industry Scenarios and Potential End Games say that the economic crisis of 2008 has proved to be more severe than that of 2001/2003. Airlines tried their surpass to minimize their operating costs and operating expenses but still they failed to bypass the effects of the global recession. Also, the process of recovery in profits has been very decompress in various airlines.Although a decrease in necessitate was expected, the crisis caused many other effects that were not expected by any of the experts. During the recession of 2008, the fuel prices rose dramatically which reduced the profits extensively. This recession led to a huge decline in the demand for air travel. Most airlines around the world reacted immediately in 2008 as they reduced their capacity in the short run. And also many of the small airlines have to close down their operations and also go bankrupt as well.6Muhammad Usman in his article Global Financial Crisis Its Impact On Developing Countries And Lessons For Pakistan says that the recession of 2008 was the worst financial crisis ever experienced after the Great Depression of 1930s. This financial crisis arose due to the failure of the major financial institutions of the United States of America including the leading banks like Lehman Brothers. The impact of this financial crisis also caused drastic impacts on the European economy resulting in the downward trends in the stock exchange and also a significant impact on the value of different subprime mortgages at the same time. The recent financial crisis also caused negative impacts on the world economy as a whole. Almost separately and every aspect of the global economy got affected by the financial crisis. Economy of Pakistan being part of the global economy also got affected by the global financial crisis. But as Pakistani economy is already facing so many problems do get that much affected by the financial crisis.7A Google Book Aviation Industry Performance says that the aviation industry had to face many challenges during the year 2008. Many passengers even changed their preferences and demands which change state the condition. Operating costs also increased due to increase in the fuel prices. Both , the increase in oil prices and the recession led to service terminations and many bankruptcies.After the recession of 2008, different companies took steps to cope with the situation. They achieved the target of improving the economic conditions by cutting costs and increasing the fares. The number of domestic scheduled flights was reduced. The airlines that used small air crafts were forced to eradicate them or minimize their number. Soon, reduct ion in the number of scheduled flights was seen and the companies reduced the fares to increase the demand until new capacity cuts were introduced.(Elizabeth Tinoco director ILO Sectoral Activities Department) Aviation industry supports 31.9 million jobs globally.Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). Before financial crisis Aviation industry had an annual growth rate of 7 % to 9%.Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). In Oil Crisis of 1979-80 and Asian Financial Crisis the Aviation industry grew at least 2% annually.Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). Only three times the Aviation industry have seen the negative growth.Neil Dias Karunaratne (2009) Global financial Crisis deeply effect the Aviation Industry.Markus Frank and Florian John (2010). vanish of 6.1%of overall air traffic was recorded in 2009CHAPTER 3 MethodologyMethodologyThe topic of my research is Impact Assessment Of Global Financial Crisis On Aviation Industry. The methodology will itemise us as to what models to app ly and on the basis of that results will be formulated and interpreted and the most affecting variable will be verified.Research TypeThe type of research which I will be conducting is quantitative in nature. As the data of my research is mainly secondary and mostly its in numbers so qualitative does not suite my research topic. As there are lots of numerical data involved in my research so I have to run different statistical models which are only possible in quantitative type of research. data Type and Research PeriodData used in my research will be secondary in nature. The data could in form of time series data gathered from various databases. The reference period of data used in my research is of five years ranging from 2005 to 2009.Sources of DataData for my research will be most probably taken from several databases and related websites. The major sources of data collection are the reports, working cover and actual facts of Air Carrier Traffic Statistics, IATA, WDI, ILO, JSTO R etc. data of oil prices will be taken from OPEC web site. Data on tourism will be taken from WDI and data on GDP will also be taken from WDI and different economic surveys. Data on unemployment, less travel demand and couriers will also be gathered.Theoretical FrameworkOperational DefinitionsAviation means science and technology of flight through air i.e. airlines9/11 attack on the world trade centre.GFC Global Financial Crisis.SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.GDP Gross Domestic Product.Financial Markets is a mechanism that allows people to buy and sell (trade) financial securities (stocks and bonds), commodities (precious metals) and other fungible items of value at low transaction cost.Asian financial crisis The Asian Financial Crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of Asia beginning in July 1997, and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown due to financial contagion.RPK tax Passenger kilometer (RPK) is a measure of a passenger traffic for an airl ine flight, bus, or train calculated by multiplying the total number of revenue-paying passengers alongside the vehicle by the distance traveled measured in milesTechniquesThe technique to be carried out for research will be Regression analysis. Regression analysis is a statistical technique which is used to determine the relationships among variables. It involves modeling and analyzing variables relationships between one dependent variable and several unconditional variables.Data depth psychologyThe statistical softwares to be employed for research purpose are Minitab, Statgraphics and EViews. Regression for each variable will be run. The research will also use graphs and tables for illustration.RESEARCH HYPOTHESISH0 Global Financial Crisis has not cause significant impacts on Aviation Industry.HA Global Financial Crisis cause significant impacts on Aviation Industry.H0 Crude Oil Prices has not significant effect on Aviation Industry.HA Crude Oil Prices have significant effect o n Aviation Industry.H0 GDP growth has not significant effect on Aviation Industry.HA GDP growth has any significant effect on Aviation Industry.H0 pomposity rate has not significant effect on Aviation Industry.HA Inflation rate have any significant effect on Aviation Industry.H0 Unemployment rate has not significant effect on Aviation Industry.HA Unemployment rate have any significant effect on Aviation Industry.CHAPTER 4 Results and AnalysisResults and AnalysisRESULTSMultiple Regression AnalysisDependent variable Registered Carrier DeparturesStandard TParameter Estimate shift Statistic P-ValueCONSTANT 1.17957E7 1.17689E6 10.0227 0.0000Crude Oil Prices 36212.5 6652.45 5.44348 0.0001GDP Growth % -50451.8 93127.7 -0.541749 0.5959Inflation annual % -541064.0 104745.0 -5.16555 0.0001Unemployment % -547932.0 133271.0 -4.11141 0.0009-Analysis of VarianceSource Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-ValueModel 2.10578E13 4 5.26444E12 22.98 0.000Residual 3.4357E12 15 2.29047E11Total (Co rr.) 2.44935E13 19R-squared = 85.973 pctR-squared (adjusted for d.f.) = 82.2325 percentStandard Error of Est. = 478588.0Mean absolute computer error = 323221.0Durbin-Watson statistic = 1.67531The StatAdvisorThe output shows the results of fitting a seven-fold linear regression model to describe the relationship between Registered Carrier Departures and 4 independent variables. The equation of the fitted model isRegistered Carrier Departures = 1.17957E7 50451.8*GDP Growth % -541064.0*Inflation 36212.5*Oil Prices 547932.0*Unemployment %Since the P-value in the ANOVA table is less than 0.01, there is a statistically significant relationship between the variables at the 99% confidence take.The R-Squared statistic indicates that the model as fitted explains 85.973% of the variability in Registered Carrier Departures. The adjusted R-squared statistic, which is more suitable for comparing models with different numbers of independent variables, is 82.2325%. The standard error of the e stimate shows the standard deviation of the residuals to be 478588.0. This value can be used to construct prediction limits for new observations by selecting the Reports option from the text menu. The mean absolute error (MAE) of 323221.0 is the average value of the residuals. The Durbin-Watson (DW) statistic tests the residuals to determine if there is any significant correlation based on the order in which they occur in your data file. Since the DW value is greater than 1.4, there is probably not any serious autocorrelation in the residuals.In determining whether the model can be simplified, notice that the highest P-value on the independent variables is 0.5959, belonging to unemployment. Since the P-value is greater or equal to 0.10, that term is not statistically significant at the 90% or higher confidence level. Consequently, you should consider removing GDP Growth % from the model.Regression AnalysisCrude Oil PricesH0 0HA 0 =0.01,test stat tctc = 2.539t-stat=5.4438 2.539S ign of t-stat is not the same as expected.We do not reject Ho as the coefficient of the crude oil prices is not approach path out to be significant at 1% level of significance.GDP Growth %H0 0HA 0 =0.01tc = 2.539test stat o.541749 Sign of GDP Growth % is not the same as expected.We do not reject H0, as the GDP Growth is not coming out to be significant at 1% level of significance.Inflation %H0 0HA 0 =0.01tc = 2.539test stat tc-5.16555 2.539Sign of tstat is the same as the expected sign of HAWe reject H0, as annual inflation is coming out to be significant at 1 % level of signifance.UnemploymentH0 0HA 0 =0.01tc = 2.539test stat tc-4.11141 2.539Sign of tstat is the same as the expected sign of HAWe reject H0 as unemployment rate % is coming out to be significant at 1 % level.Interpretation of the VariablesThe no of registered carrier departure will be equal to 11795000, if all other independent variables are equal to zero.The Coefficient of the crude oil prices is com ing to be positive, which is not true. This could be because of some unobserved factors that are causing positive biasness in crude oil prices variable.Crude OilIf crude oil prices will increase by $1 then the number registered carrier departures will increase by 36212.5, holding all other variables constant.GDP growth %If GDP growth will go up by 1%, the no. of registered carrier departure will decrease by 504.518 departures, keeping all other variables constant.Inflation %If the inflation in the US economy will increase by 1%, then the number of registered carrier departures will decrease by 5410.64 number of flights, keeping all other variables constant.Unemployment rate %If the unemployment rate in the us economy will increase by 1 % the registered carrier will decrease by 5479.32 number of flights, keeping all other variables constant.R squareThe simpler commonly used measure of fit is the coefficient of determination, R2. The coefficient of determination is explained sum of s quares to the total sum of squares.R2=The higher the R2, the closer the closer the estimated regression equation fits the sample data. Measures of this type are called goodness of fit measures. The goodness of fit explains the variation of Y around .R-squared = 85.973 percentR-squared (adjusted for d.f.) = 82.2325 percentThe R-squares of this regression is 85.973 percent which is really good.ConclusionThe global financial crisis was triggered in 2007 8 mainly in developed countries like United States of America. After that the crisis entered in the European countries and after a few days the crisis just take the whole of the world under its impact. Almost all of the countries in the world got affected by this financial crisis directly or indirectly. This financial crisis was born due to the failure of the major financial institution of these developed countries. These financial institutions include banks like Lehman Brothers, Bear Steams and etc. These main financial institutions o f the United States are the main reason behind the financial crisis. Te global financial crisis caused impacts on almost each and every industry of the world. The key businesses which were showing good positions and were experiencing good growth experienced negative growth because of the financial crisis. Also the consumer wealth faces the billions of dollars loss due to the financial crisis. That is why this global Financial Crisis is thought to be the worst financial crisis after the great Depression of twentieth century.As aviation is one of the most important pillars of the global economy of the world. And also this sector provides millions of jobs globally and contributed heavily in the global GDP. This sector is also the most important and the most efficient mode of transportation. It provides the transportation services all over the world. So as the global financial crisis which was born due to the failure of the major financial institutions caused the drastic impacts on the world economy. And as the aviation is the important part it also got affected heavily by the crisis. Due to which this aviation sector which is one the fastest growing industry has to face negative growth rate. . Also the aviation sector has to face huge losses. Some aviation companies was able to bare such huge losses but there is a big number of those aviation companies who do have capacity to bare such huge losses so they go bankrupt after the global financial crisis.Ethical Issue Refusal of handlingEthical Issue Refusal of TreatmentIntroductionThe broad scope of nurse practice demands familiarity with the all of the ethical, pro and legal issues relating to clinical practice. The nursing and Midwifery Council standards of conduct, performance and ethics require that nurses provide high standards of practice and have a duty of care to all patients (NMC 2007). This paper discusses the case of Alastair and explores the ethical, nonrecreational and legal issues which are of rele vance to clinical nurse practice in this particular case.Ethical, professional and legal issuesAutonomy is defined as the right to determine what happens to ones own body. As stated by Mill (1982) the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent victimize to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant. He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so, because it will make him happier, because, in the opinion of others to do so would be wise, or even right. Every individual has a right to egotism-determination and patient self-sufficiency forms part of that right and is protected by law (Hyland 2002). The principle of respect for autonomy forms a key fragment of nursing ethics (van Thiel and van Delden 2001). The nurse has an obligation to promote autonomy in the patient and work to empower the patient to make autonomo us decisions where possible (Hewitt 2002). The Human Rights Act (1988) enables individuals to take action against a health authority that has failed to uphold their right to respect (OPSI 1998).Proot et al. (2002) described a study conducted in 27 health care providers from three different nursing homes, who were interviewed about autonomy issues relating to stroke patients in rehabilitation and nurses perceptions of patient autonomy. Study findings showed that self determination, independence and self care were all associated with the process of patients regaining their autonomy. In Alastairs case, he was no lasting independent and able to care for himself following his stroke, and had to rely on others for help with everyday activities. The nurse moldiness accordingly decide whether Alastair is capable of making a fully autonomous decision. If they believe this is not the case, they may be able to work with other members of the multidisciplinary care team to increase Alistairs a utonomy and empower him to make the beaver choices regarding his care.Advocacy forms an integral part of a nurses role and is a mandatory activity within the ethical code of all professional nurses. Advocacy involves a professional duty to support the patients needs and wishes through active involvement in a process of analysis, counselling, responding, shielding and whistle blowing (Hyland 2002 Vaartio et al. 2006). There is a hence a relationship between nurse advocacy and patient autonomy (Hyland 2002).If nurses are to demonstrate paternalism and/or empower patients to make decisions regarding their care, they themselves must be empowered, curiously as nurses have increasingly greater cypherability for their actions (Hewitt 2002 Christensen and Hewitt-Taylor 2006). The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing Midwifery and Health Visiting states that If the nurse does not note that sufficient information has been given in terms readily understandable to the patient so as t o enable him to make a truly conscious decision, it is for her to state this opinion and seek to have the situation remedied (UKCC 1989). It is also suggested that advocacy may place the nurse in situations of conflict, since there may be differences between nurses and doctors perceptions of autonomy at times (Mallik 2007). Supporting Alastairs wishes and his decisions regarding his care requires the nurse to possess knowledge of his condition and the apparent consequences of discontinuing handling. Through this empowerment, the nurse is ideally placed to educate and support Alistair in their role as counselor.Beneficence (doing good) is central to nursing philosophy, but achieving a balance between this and non-maleficence (avoiding harm) can present a challenge for nurses and the two principles may be viewed as separate ends of one continuum (Bartter 2001). In Alistairs case, the nurse must consider the benefits and risks associated with treatment and with discontinuing treatme nt, and explain these to Alistair, thereby allowing him to make cognizant decisions. In situations where the patient is unable to make an autonomous decision, the nurse has a duty of generosity to act in the patients best interests, while also respecting the patient as an individual. This would apply if Alistair was deemed not to be of live on wit and decisions regarding his treatment had to made by his care team.Veracity, or truth telling, is closely associated with informed decision making and is an important component of a trusting nurse-patient relationship. Veracity may present a dilemma for the nurse since there are times when telling the truth may cause harm to an individual (non-maleficence). Conversely there may be situations where telling a lie may actually do good (beneficence), although this goes against the principle of veracity (Ellis and Hartley 2003). The nurse has a duty to tell Alistair the truth about his condition and treatment to ensure that he is fully info rmed when making decisions regarding whether or not to continue with treatment/rehabilitation.Justice as fairness in nursing refers to the need for nurses to treat people equally, although this does not necessarily mean treating them in the same way (Staunton and Chiarella 2005). Nurses must acknowledge cultural, kindly and educational diversity and adopt appropriate strategies to achieve equal treatment for all patients. Clinical governance demands the planning of high-quality, patient-centred care and Alistairs individual situation and specific health needs must be taken into account by the nurse during his care.All nurses, including those practicing within the community, have a duty to halt confidentiality, although it should be acknowledged that there may be certain situations where confidentiality may be breached (Dimond 2000). Confidentiality is regarded as a critical component of good nursing care and reflects the professional responsibility of the nurse to respect a patie nts rights. The Data Protection Act 1998 also governs the protection of patients information (OPSI 1998). The nurse should therefore maintain Alistairs confidentiality unless there is good reason not to do so.Consent to treatment is central to the nurse-patient relationship and it is the patients decision solely as to whether they accept or reject treatment. As nurses broaden their scope of practice, issues surrounding patient consent to treatment are becoming increasingly important (Anon 1997). It is a principle of UK law that a competent adult who has passes the Re C test may refuse treatment even if his life depends on it (Dimond 2004). The Court of Appeal has stated that provided the patient has the necessary mental capacity (assessed in relation to the decision that has to me made), they can refuse to give consent with or without a reason for doing so.In UK law, the court protects the right of the individual in this regard. This was illustrated in a case where the court ruled t hat It is established that the principle of self-determination requires that respect must be given to the wishes of the patient, so that, if an adult patient of sound mind refuses, however unreasonably, to consent to treatment or care by which his life would or might be prolonged, the doctors responsible for his care must give effect to his wishes, eventhough they do not consider it to be in his best interests to do so (Airedale NHS Trust v Bland 1993 AC 789). More recently was a case in which a woman paralysed from the neck down refused treatment in order to end her life. The woman was assessed to be of sound mind. The Court of Appeal ruling allowed a ventilator keeping the woman lively to be switched off, re-enforcing the duty of the healthcare professional to respect the wishes of a competed patient (Re B v NHS Trust 2002). Client this case is similar to that of Alistair in that the patient was of sound mind and refused treatment. I was unable to find any cases relating to refu sal of medical treatment in older adults of sound mind following strokeIn the case of Alistair, he initially was receiving medical treatment but took a subsequent decision to refuse further treatment. An assessment should be made to determine whether Alistair is of sound mind and is capable of making informed decisions regarding his care. If he is indeed competent, the nurse should work to promote Alistairs autonomy through education and other methods, taking into account the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, veracity and justice, to ensure that he possesses adequate knowledge to make the best decisions on his care. At present, Alistairs health is reasonably good however, his decision not to continue with treatment and rehabilitation is likely to have a negative impact on his health and well-being in the longer term. Both of the case laws described above are applicable to the case of Alistair, since, should this case reach the Court of Appeal and he is assessed as competent, the judge is likely to rule that Alistairs wishes must be respected and his can continue to refuse treatment (based on the patient information provided in the scenario alone).ConclusionsThis paper has discussed the ethical, professional and legal issues relating to a specific patient case. It can be seen that these issues are inextricably linked and should all be taken into account in the provision of high-quality, patient-centred nursing care. In this case, self-determination, respecting the patients right to autonomy, and nurse advocacy are of particular importance, given that the patient is competent and capable of making informed decisions regarding his care. Other ethical principles including beneficence, non-maleficence, veracity and justice also play a key role in nurses ethical decision-making.ReferencesAnon 1997, The legal and ethical entailment of consent to nursing procedure, British journal of Nursing, vol. 6., no. 15, pp. 8858.Airedale NHS Trust v Bland 1 993 AC 789. Retrieved thirtieth November 2008 fromhttp//www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1992/5.htmlBartter, K. 2001, Ethical issues in advanced nursing practice, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford.Christensen, M. 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